The English language may seem complicated at times, but it`s essential to master its grammar rules to communicate effectively. One of the most crucial grammar rules is subject-verb agreement, which ensures that verbs agree with the subject in a sentence. In this article, we will explore 20 rules of subject-verb agreement in standard English.
Rule 1: Singular subjects require singular verbs.
Example: The cat meows.
Rule 2: Plural subjects require plural verbs.
Example: The cats meow.
Rule 3: If the subject is a singular noun or pronoun, use a singular verb.
Example: She sings beautifully.
Rule 4: If the subject is a plural noun or pronoun, use a plural verb.
Example: They sing beautifully.
Rule 5: If the subject is a compound subject joined by “and,” use a plural verb.
Example: John and Mary are going to the party.
Rule 6: If the subject is a compound subject joined by “or” or “nor,” use a verb that agrees with the closest subject.
Example: Neither the cat nor the dogs like the rain.
Rule 7: Indefinite pronouns require singular verbs.
Example: Someone is calling.
Rule 8: Collective nouns can be singular or plural depending on the context and require verbs to agree with them accordingly.
Example: The team is playing. (singular) The team are arguing. (plural)
Rule 9: Titles of books, movies, and other works that are singular require singular verbs.
Example: The Sound of Music is a great movie.
Rule 10: Titles of books, movies, and other works that are plural require plural verbs.
Example: The Chronicles of Narnia are popular books.
Rule 11: Expressions of quantity such as “a lot,” “a number of,” and “many” require plural verbs.
Example: Many dogs are barking.
Rule 12: Expressions of amount such as “a portion of,” “a piece of,” and “a part of” require singular verbs.
Example: A portion of the cake is missing.
Rule 13: Intervening phrases or clauses should not affect subject-verb agreement.
Example: The book, along with the pen and paper, is on the desk.
Rule 14: Gerunds (verbs that act as nouns ending in -ing) require singular verbs.
Example: Singing is her passion.
Rule 15: Infinitives (verbs preceded by “to” that act as nouns) require singular verbs.
Example: To ski is a great hobby.
Rule 16: When distance or time separates the subject and verb, match them by the subject.
Example: The pack of dogs runs across the field.
Rule 17: Words like “each,” “every,” and “any” require singular verbs.
Example: Each student has homework.
Rule 18: Titles such as “Dr.” or “Mrs.” are always singular and require singular verbs.
Example: Mrs. Jones teaches math.
Rule 19: When the subject is a collective noun that refers to a group acting as individuals, use a plural verb.
Example: The audience are cheering.
Rule 20: When referring to a single subject with plural nouns, use a singular verb.
Example: The team is playing well.
In conclusion, subject-verb agreement is an essential grammar rule in English that helps ensure clarity and effective communication. Mastering these 20 rules can improve your writing and help you avoid grammatical errors.